Utah Esthetics Written State Practice Exam

What occurs when an atom loses an electron?

1. Ionization

2. Polarization

3. Equilibrium

4. Electron Affinity

The correct answer is: Ionization

When an atom loses an electron, it undergoes a process known as ionization. During ionization, the atom transforms into a positively charged ion, or cation, because it has more protons than electrons. This process can occur through various means, such as energy absorption or chemical reactions, and is a fundamental concept in both chemistry and physics. In contrast, polarization refers to the separation of charges within a molecule or compound, typically due to an electric field. Equilibrium is a state where opposing forces or influences are balanced, often within a chemical reaction. Electron affinity describes the tendency of an atom to attract and hold an additional electron, which is an entirely different process from losing one. Therefore, ionization is the correct term to describe what happens when an atom loses an electron.